Showing posts with label Spiritual Life. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Spiritual Life. Show all posts

Monday, July 2, 2012

Running Alone

I expected to be beaten by a 16-year-old at this year's EYS 5k. My prediction was not technically accurate: as I was beaten by two 16-year-olds. No respect.

Still, I went in confident I had a shot at personal best, never mind that the temperature was 88F. We lined up, I took a deep one, and we were off. As expected, about 25 people jumped in front of me at "Go." I waded through the mass of runners (1), and within 3 minutes, I was by myself. And that's how I remained: alone.

We were an earnest bunch, if nothing else.
It was my slowest time this Spring, and a lesson in running alone, which, in racing, is the kiss of death. You want to be in a pack, taking turns pushing the pace, sharing the pain. If you get lost in no man's land (what runners call "getting gapped"), you're more or less outta luck.

Jeff Edmonds contrasts track and road racing:
In track, you don't get to do what you want to do. You have to race the pace that is set. More than that: you have to make yourself a part of this barely formed organism that is tightly hurtling itself around this little track...
In a road race, you make adjustments off the pace, especially in a podunk road race where there is no such thing as a pack, just a few scattered skinny guys you know and train with all the time...You aren't a part of a loosely-bound organism skittering tightly around a 280 meter oval. You are a normal human being, and you think like one (2)
The Christian Church has emphasized the unity of the organism, the Body since her beginning (4). Kallistos Ware states, "The Church is not an organization, company or corporation, but rather an organism, a body, a divine-human...body.”
Hard as it is for me, if I want to live within this organism, the Body, to share fully in its life, I don't always "get to do what I want to do." Edmonds continues:
Thinking, in the middle of a track race, is a HUGE mistake. It only separates you from the organism. [Side note, don't be confused: Thinking is awesome at the end of the race, if you can still muster it, because that's when the organism must be separated--and better that you do the separating.].
So, there is that tension, between thinking and non-thinking, between individualism and herdism. Too much of one, and you separate yourself and are lost, too much of the other and you're fused, swallowed, and you disappear. And so, Oliver Clement, notes:

Christian spirituality...is of its very nature something that ‘we’ share, our self-awareness being awakened by our sense of being in communion with others. Never forget that this ‘we’ is not an undifferentiated mass, that it has nothing to do with collective hysteria. It exists always by personal encounter; it is my neighbour’s face, innumerable certainly, but every time a face. The Christian ‘we’ reflects the Trinity...the Eastern liturgies...remind us that the Christian ‘we’, like the Trinity, is not a fusion, but a unity of unique persons (6).
This might also be the long answer to the kid who asks a reasonable question: "Do I have to go to church?" Man, you don't have to do anything (7). But when you get together with like-minded people, it makes a difference in a way that's hard to articulate. Life is best lived, it seems, in community, with family, among like-hearted sisters and brothers. Troubles are best faced with a little help from our friends.

But, so are the good times, you know? Not surprisingly, my best and most enjoyable races have been those I spent in the thick of the pack, a paradoxical herd of wild, yet focused stallions, simultaneously exuberant children and grown-ups taking ourselves way too seriously.

The pros know it well. When Dathan Ritzenhein crossed the finish line last week, earning a spot on the US Olympic team, he crossed himself, as well, perhaps thanking God, for Galen Rupp, who pushed and pulled him along.
 

Ritz, an Olympian, with a little help from his friend.
Of course, sometimes it's better to run alone. Mike Girouard's Cape Ann 25k race report describes it well:
Everything was going fine and I was okay with the low 6:30's pace...when around mile 5 or so a guy...caught up to us and broke up the party. He was working awfully hard for 5 miles into a 25k and between his feet slapping the ground and his breathing like a freight train I just for some reason decided I needed to leave. And so I did--out the front door. I dropped a 6:26, then a 6:18 and a 6:17 and suddenly I was all alone...
It's true. We're better off alone than with downers, heart breakers and the like (8).

Not to over parse, but notice there was a process of thinking. He considered the options and decided that it was better to wade into that human-less asphalt void, The Gap, which reveals no pace and has no heart.

So it is at our schools and jobs and in our spirituals lives. We have to make that studied decision sometimes. It seems to me that this is one of life's big tasks: knowing when to be part of the organism and when to pull away, when to roll along with a little un-thinking, and when to stand apart, when you just "need to leave."

Mike had many years of experience on the road and on the track, and so his decision was probably almost instantaneous. Developing that instinct in spiritual life is very hard. It takes time, experience, mistakes, and reflection. In other words, lots of living. But it's important to at least know that the issue is there. It seems to me that we each need someone to whom we're answerable, a spouse, a coach, a spiritual guide, someone from whom we permit ourselves to hide nothing.

Clubber Lang: Alone to the bitter end.
   
_________
(1) many of whom, I am confident, set 400 meter personal bests. Congrats!
(2) Race Recap: My first college track meet in 13 years
(3) "in real life," for the not-so-savvy; lessons for all!
(4) Acts 2:40-46
(5) divine-human
(6) On Human Being:  A Spiritual Anthropology
(7) Unless you're my daughter, in which case, yes, you have to. You'll either thank me or, perhaps, write a wildly popular rock song about me. Either way, a great outcome is nearly assured! 
(8) cf. 1 Cor 15:33

Friday, January 8, 2010

As the Year Turns

THIS IS THE FIRST NEW YEAR in which I make conscious decisions about the kind of person I would like, by God's grace, to become. Perhaps, making semi-new year's resolutions is a sign of the kind of conformity to social conventions that comes with age. Whatever the case, I am starting to find rebellion for its own sake annoying. Plus, certain political figures have made terms like "maverick" both hilarious and nauseating.

In 2010, I hope to

1. understand the Bible/Fathers more deeply;

2. run a sub-3:30 marathon;

3. close the gap between running and spirituality; and

4. deepen the many beautiful relationships with which I have been blessed.

On the running side, I feel like I peeled away one layer of slowness and weakness. I feel ready for a faster 2010. I surprised myself at the end of 2009. After choking on marathon day, I ran a good 10k and, 4 days later, an even better a 5-miler, which were good enough to entice me to do better in 2010. These races were like an enticing aroma, pulling me into 2010.

I learned what kind of miles I will need to do if I ever want to be a marathoner. I am not a marathoner yet; no way. Jogging 26.2 miles with a cheering section does not make one a marathoner; it makes him a clown with a moderate fitness level.

I feel like I have reached the fast end of slow and I am grateful for that.

I made some good friends.

I am firmly fixed in this thing called running, which helps me forget at times, the thing in life that kills me most, that I spend most of my hours working for money and not for something meaningful. But on many runs - while snot drips over my lips as I greet day laborers waiting and hoping to earn a buck - I have had time to think that maybe this elusive “meaningful work” is just an empty name for an illusory castle. I have learned on those runs to find meaning in the now, in the presence of God and man. Thanks guys.

Monday, October 12, 2009

No Formula

You came to see a race today. To see someone win. It happened to be me. But I want you to do more than just watch a race. I want you to take part in it. I want to compare faith to running in a race. It's hard. It requires concentration of will, energy of soul. You experience elation when the winner breaks the tape - especially if you've got a bet on it. But how long does that last? You go home. Maybe you're dinner's burnt. Maybe you haven't got a job. So who am I to say, 'Believe, have faith,' in the face of life's realities? I would like to give you something more permanent, but I can only point the way. I have no formula for winning the race. Everyone runs in her own way, or his own way. And where does the power come from, to see the race to its end? From within. Jesus said, "Behold, the Kingdom of God is within you." If with all your hearts, you truly seek me, you shall ever surely find me.' If you commit yourself to the love of Christ, then that is how you run a straight race.
-Eric Liddel, Chariots of Fire

Congrats to my friend Paul Kist, who completed his first half marathon yesterday.

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

Question: Controlling My Thoughts


"HOW CAN I CONTROL what I think?" a friend asked me this weekend.

Obviously trying to control the thoughts that come to one's mind would make a person nutty. A victorious life has nothing to do with being a wierdo.

It is better to think of the mind as your home. It has a front door. The question becomes, then,

When a harmful thought comes to me, do I welcome it in, seat it by the fireplace, bring it a cup of coffee and have a nice chat with it?

Or

Do I regard it as an enemy and a stranger?

For example, the Fathers tell us that thinking over and over about the bad stuff people have done to you ("the remembrance of wrongs") is something that will mess you up and ruin your prayers. So, when that cruel person or event pops in my head, do I push the thought away, or do I meditate on what was done to me, how unfair it was, and how much I need revenge?

As far as thoughts relating to fornication and sexual impurity, do I have an "open-door policy"? Do develop and refine schemes for achieving sinful ends over and over in my head?

Taking the metaphor one more step:

Is my mind an open doorway where any thought can come and go as it pleases? Or do I have an armed guard there (positive hobbies and interests, holy thoughts)? Have I reinforced the door with the Word of God and spiritual reading, or have I smashed it down and filled it with holes (with poisonous material)?

Hesychios the Priest notes, "Watchfulness is a continual fixing and halting of thought at the entrance to the heart. In this way predatory and murderous thoughts are marked down as they approach and what they say and do is noted...If we are conscientious in this, we can gain much experience and knowledge of spiritual warfare."*

____
*On Watchfulness and Holiness no. 6

Wednesday, May 27, 2009

All Things Are Made New

Jake at Diary of a Defeated Man just made my (cloudy) day with a nice meditation on the concept that, in Christ, all things are made new.

Tuesday, May 26, 2009

Special? No Thanks.


IT WAS DISCOVERED last year that presidential and vice-president candidate John Edwards had been having an extra-marital affair. When Oprah Winfrey recently interview his wife, I began to think back on some of the comments Edwards made in his 2008 public statement:
In 2006 I made a serious error in judgment and conducted myself in a way that was disloyal to my family and to my core beliefs. I recognized my mistake, and I told my wife I had a liaison with another woman and asked for her forgiveness.

In the course of several campaigns I started to believe that I was special and became increasingly egocentric and narcissistic. If you want to beat me up, feel free. You cannot beat me up more than I have already beaten up myself.(1)

The statement "I started to believe I was special," quite frankly, scared the felafel out me. It reminded me, uncomfortably, of the strange but unquestionable link between pride and the fall into sin. Many centuries ago, John Climacus wrote, "I have seen pride lead to humility...The pit and offspring of conceit is a fall."(2)

Likewise, Maximus the Confessor wrote, "The origin of all the passions is self-love; their consummation is pride...He who cuts this off cuts off at the same time all the passions that come from it."(3) In other words, if I strangle my arrogance, I save myself a lot of anger, lust and nastiness.

Is it really surprising that more special we think we are, the less we feel that the rules of morality and purity apply to us?
_________
(1)"Edwards Admits to Affair in 2006," New York Times, August 8, 2008
(2)John Climacus: The Ladder of Divine Ascent (The Classics of Western Spirituality)
(3)Third Century on Love, no. 57, St. Maximus the Confessor: The Ascetic Life, The Four Centuries on Charity (Ancient Christian Writers)

Sunday, April 12, 2009

Courageous Entry


WHILE THE CROWD SURROUNDED HIM and cheered, the Lord knew He was entering a road of suffering; He knew the very voices that cried "Hosanna!" would, by the end of the week, be growling, "Crucify Him!"

Yet, He courageous rode forward to win our salvation, teaching us courageous trust in the Father. Abba Moses said,

The strength of those who wish to acquire the virtues is as follows: if they fall, let them not lose their courage, but let them be sure to make a new beginning at their endeavor. Insofar, then, as we put all our energy into practicing the virtues, let us await the Lord, showing Him a generous resolve and calling on His aid, and without fail He will strengthen us with His mercy and bestow His Grace on us in abundance, in which case we will accomplish every good easily and without exertion.

Friday, November 7, 2008

Barack Obama and Deification


THE MORNING AFTER Barack Obama won the election, Today Show host Matt Lauer lamented that Mr. Obama is going to have a tough time meeting expectations, because many news agencies have over-hyped him. This is especially true of the New York Times, which Lauer said, had "deified him". In other words, they made him appear god-like. His remarks reminded me of the important Christian doctrine of Deification.

Deification (or Theosis) is the teaching that, through the grace of God and spiritual struggle, we undergo a process in this life of becoming more like God, participating in His life, and as, St. Peter explains, " . . . partakers of divine nature."(1)

St. Irenaeus writes of, “the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who, through His transcendent love, became what we are, that He might bring us to be even what He is Himself.”(2)

St. Athanasius puts it plainly: "God became man that man might become god."(3)

Theosis is "becoming by grace what God is by nature"(4)

In his indispensible Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, Vladimir Lossky, writes,

The deification or theosis of the creature will be realized in its fullness only in the age to come, after the resurrection of the dead. This deifying union has, nevertheless, to be fulfilled ever more and more even in this present life, through the transformation of our corruptible and depraved nature and by its adaptation to eternal life.(5)

In another important book, The Orthodox Way, Bishop Kallistos Ware makes some important points:

First, deification is not something reserved for a few select initiates, but something intended for all alike. The Orthodox Church believes that it is is the normal goal for every Christian without exception....

Secondly, the fact that a person is being deified does not mean that she or he ceases to be conscious of sin. On the contrary, deification always presupposes a continued act of repentance....

In the third place, these is nothing esoteric or extraordinary about the methods which we must follow in order to be deified. If someone asks 'How can I become God?' the answer is very simple: go to church, receive the sacraments, regularly, pray to God 'in spirit and in truth', read the Gospels, follow the commandments....

Fourthly, deification is not a solitary but a 'social' process...

Fifthly, love of God and of our fellow humans must be practical. Orthodoxy rejects all forms of Quietism, all types of love which do not issue in action....

Finally, deification presupposes life in the Church, life in the sacraments. Theosis according to the likeness of the Trinity involves a common life, and it is only within the fellowship of the Church that this common life of coinherence can be properly realized. Church and sacraments are the means appointed by God whereby we may acquire the sanctifying Spirit and be transformed into the divine likeness.(6)

_____
(1)2 Peter 1:4
(2)St. Athanasius, Against Heresies, Book 5, Preface
(3)St. Athanasius, On the Incarnation
(4)Ibid.
(5)Lossky, Vladimir, The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, p. 196.
(6)Ware, Kallistos, The Orthodox Way ,pp. 236-238

Monday, October 27, 2008

In a Rush?


Each of us feels a sense of urgency in the morning, especially on Monday, to "get rolling." As with breakfast, (and I know this is corny), but the morning prayer is arguably the "most important prayer of the day." For those days when you really feel under the gun, may I suggest a you take a moment with one or both of the following prayers, taken from the first hour of the Coptic Prayerbook of the Hours (Agpeya)?

* * *

FIRST ABSOLUTION:

O Lord, God of hosts, who exists before all ages and abides forever, who created the sun for daylight, and the night as rest for all men; we thank You, O King of ages, for You have let us pass through the night in peace, and brought us to the daybreak. Therefore, we ask You, O our Master, the King of all ages, to let Your face shine upon us, and the light of Your divine knowledge enlighten us. Grant us, O our Master, to be sons of light and sons of day, to pass this day in righteousness, chastity and good conduct, that we may complete all the rest of the days of our life without offence; through the grace, the compassion and the love of mankind of Your Only-Begotten Son Jesus Christ, and the gift of Your Holy Spirit, now and at all times and forever. Amen.

SECOND ABSOLUTION:

O God Who causes the light to burst forth, Who lets His sun shine upon the righteous and the wicked, Who created the light which illuminates the whole world, enlighten our minds, our hearts and our understandings, O Master of all, and grant us to please You this present day. Guard us from every bad thing, from every sin, and from every adversitive power; through Christ Jesus our Lord, with whom You are blessed, with the Holy Spirit, the Life-Giver and one essence with You, now and at all times and unto the ages of all ages. Amen.

Wednesday, September 17, 2008

Book Review: The How of Happiness


I recently had the opportunity to read a helpful book, The How of Happiness by Sonja Lyubomirsky.

The author sets forth twelve "Happiness Enhancing Strategies". The reader is encouraged to adopt the handful of those that best suit his/her personality and situation. They are

(1) Counting your blessings: Expressing gratitude for what you have (either privately – through contemplation or journaling – or to a close other) or conveying your appreciation to one or more individuals whom you’ve never properly thanked. (CHAP 4)

(2) Cultivating optimism: Keeping a journal in which you imagine and write about the best possible future for yourself, or practicing to look at the bright side of every situation. (CHAP 4)

(3) Avoiding overthinking and social comparison: Using strategies (such as distraction) to cut down on how often you dwell on your problems and compare yourself to others. (CHAP 4)

(4) Practicing acts of kindness: Doing good things for others, whether friends or strangers, either directly or anonymously, either spontaneously or planned. (CHAP 5)

(5) Nurturing Relationships: Picking a relationship in need of strengthening, and investing time and energy in healing, cultivating, affirming, and enjoying it. (CHAP 5)

(6) Doing more activities that truly engage you: Increasing the number of experiences at home and work in which you “lose” yourself, which are challenging and absorbing. (CHAP 7)

(7) Replaying and savoring life’s joys: Paying close attention, taking delight, and going over life’s momentary pleasures and wonders – through thinking, writing, drawing, or sharing with another. (CHAP 7)

(8) Committing to your goals: Picking one, two, or three significant goals that are meaningful to you and devoting time and effort to pursuing them. (CHAP 8)

(9) Developing strategies for coping: Practicing ways to endure or surmount a recent stress, hardship, or trauma. (CHAP 6)

(10) Learning to forgive: Keeping a journal or writing a letter in which you work on letting go of anger and resentment towards one or more individuals who have hurt or wronged you. (CHAP 6)

(11) Practicing religion and spirituality: Becoming more involved in your church, temple, or mosque, or reading and pondering spiritually-themed books. (CHAP 9)

(12) Taking care of your body: Engaging in physical activity, meditating, and smiling and laughing. (CHAP 9).


I learned a few things from this book, though it's emphasis on happiness "techniques" was, for some areas, problematic for me. For example, developing a "strategy" for acts of kindness in order to enhance one's own happiness didn't sit well with me.

That being said, I am better off for having read it. First, I realized that I have a tendency to rethink and overthink things. The solution is to learn to "let go", and trust God in love and submission. Second, I am learning to get "into" what I'm doing now and live with God "here", rather than spend so much time regretting the past or fretting over the future. Third, I was reminded of the value of relationships: with God, with my wife and with my dear friends. Fourth, I have come to realize that most of my unhappiness is self-inflicted by neglect of my relationship with God.

I'd like to make clear that it does not appear to be the author's view, and it is certainly not mine, that the ultimate purpose of life is happiness. In the Christian understanding, sin is a neurosis and abiding joy is found, ultimately in repentance and victory over all that is not of God. As the Sermon on the Mount makes clear, the happy people in this world are the virtuous.

Still, happiness is a health issue, falling under the subcategory of mental health. I read it as I read books on other important health topics such as running, nutrition, running, sleep, running, weight-lifting and... running.

Also, the author of The How of Happiness places a high value on spirituality and religion. She is clear that one does not pursue spirituality, truth and meaning in order to become happy, but that happiness is without question, a byproduct of this pursuit.

Friday, August 29, 2008

Mailbag Friday!

A friend writes,

Okay so I'm reading the book of Proverbs so there's going to be a lot of questions coming at ya buddy. Chapter 10 verse 3; can you please explain what this verse means? 'The LORD will not allow the righteous soul to famish, But He casts away the desire of the wicked.'

Say hi to the wife and kids.

Thanks Nads,
TWT

Well, obviously I am not qualified to explain what it means but note what St. John Chrysostom writes:

Have I been stripped of every thing,” one says, “and do you bid me keep silent? Have I been shamefully used, and do you exhort me to bear it meekly? And how shall I be able?” Nay, but it is most easy if thou wilt look up unto heaven; if thou wilt behold the beauty that is in sight; and whither God hath promised to receive thee, if thou bear wrong nobly. Do this then; and looking up unto the heaven, think that thou art made like unto Him that sitteth there upon the Cherubim. For He also was injured and He bore it; He was reproached and avenged not Himself; and was beaten, yet He asserted not His cause. Nay, He made return, in the contrary kind, to those who did such things, even in benefits without number; and He commanded us to be imitators of Him.

+++

Consider that thou camest naked out of thy mother’s womb, and that naked both thou and he that hath done thee wrong shall depart; rather, he for his part, with innumerable wounds, breeding worms. Consider that things present are but for a season; count over the tombs of thine ancestors; acquaint thyself accurately with past events; and thou shalt see that the wrong-doer hath made thee stronger. For his own passion he hath aggravated, his covetousness I mean; but yours, he hath alleviated…

+++

And besides all this, he hath set you free from cares, agony, envy, informers, trouble, worry, perpetual fear; and the foul mass of evils he hath heaped upon his own head.

+++

“What then,” saith one, “if I have to struggle with hunger?” Thou endurest this with Paul, who saith, (1 Cor. iv. 10.) “Even unto this present hour we both hunger, and thirst, and are naked.” But he did it, you will say, “for God’s sake:” do thou it also for God’s sake. For when thou abstainest from avenging, thou dost so for God’s sake.

+++

“But he that wronged me, takes his pleasure with the wealthy.” Nay, rather with the devil. But be you crowned with Paul.

+++

Therefore fear not hunger, for “The LORD will not allow the righteous soul to famish, but He casts away the desire of the wicked.”


There are a couple of points here:

1. Look to the righteous One, sitting upon the Cherubim, who bore many evils and bids us to follow him.

2. Consider the passing nature of this life.

3. Look closely, and see what the person may have inadvertently relieved you from and heaped upon himself.

Sunday, July 27, 2008

Roadkill Is Gross

When I'm out on a run and get surprised by a dead animal, I hold my breath, even if it means I may pass out. Nasty.

Think about someone you're angry with. I may think I'm exercising my "right" to stay angry, but all the while I'm desperately holding onto something in my mind that's rotten and foul. St. Maximus the Confessor advises, "Do not befoul your intellect by clinging to thoughts filled with anger and sensual desire. Otherwise you will lose your capacity for pure prayer."(1)

Could anger be the reason we don't reap the benefits of prayer. Could it be why we don't pray more regularly?

_____
(1) St. Maximos the Confessor, Four Centuries on Love

Thursday, June 26, 2008

Recommended Reading

People sometimes ask me to recommend a good book. The answer is, "It depends." Here are some titles that come to mind:

Theology
The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, Vladimir Lossky
The Message of the Bible, Dr. George Cronk
For the Life of the World, Very Rev. Alexander Schmemman
The Orthodox Way, Bishop Kallistos Ware
Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, Volume 1 : Revelation and Knowledge of the Triune God, Fr. Dumitru Staniloae
Orthodox Dogmatic Theology Volume 2: The World, Creation and Deification, Fr. Dumitru Staniloae
Orthodoxy, G.K. Chesterton
Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis

Spirituality
The Life of Repentance and Purity, H.H. Pope Shenouda III
The Life in Christ, Nicholas Cabasilas
The Practice of the Presence of God, Br. Lawrence
In Thy Presence, Fr. Lev Gillet
Jesus: A Dialogue with the Savior, Fr. Lev Gillet
Ages of the Spiritual Life, Paul Evdokimov
God and Man, Met. Anthony Bloom
Living Prayer, Met. Anthony Bloom
Beginning to Pray, Met. Met. Anthony Bloom
Orthodox Spirituality, A Monk of the Eastern Church
Unseen Warfare, Lorenzo Scupoli
Communion of Love, Fr. Matthew the Poor (Matta al-Miskeen)
Orthodox Prayer Life, Fr. Matthew the Poor (Matta al-Miskeen)
Way of the Ascetics, Tito Colliander
The Way of a Pilgrim, anonymous Russian pilgrim
Counsels on the Spiritual Life: Mark the Monk (Popular Patristics)


Patrology/Patristics/Desert Fathers
The Ladder of Divine Ascent, St. John Climacus
Confessions, St. Augustine
On Wealth and Poverty, St. John Chrysostom
On Ascetical Life, St. Isaac of Syria
The Way to Nicaea (The Formation of Christian Theology, Vol. 1), Fr. John Behr
The Nicene Faith (Formation Of Christian Theology, Vol. 2), Fr. John Behr
The Mystery of Christ: Life in Death, Fr. John Behr
The Fathers of the Church, Expanded Edition, Mike Aquilina
Fathers Of The Church: A Comprehensive Introduction, Hubertus R. Drobner et al. (contributors)
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Benedicta Ward (translator)
The Holy Fire: The Story of the Fathers of the Eastern Church, Robert Payne (translator)
The Fathers of the Church: From Clement of Rome to Augustine of Hippo


Fiction
The Brothers Karamazov, Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Revolutionary Road, Richard Yates
Great Expectations, Charles Dickens
The Complete Sherlock Holmes, Vol. 1 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
The Complete Sherlock Holmes, Vol. 2 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, Agatha Christie